SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: USIA DAN GOLONGAN DARAH DENGAN POLIMORFISME APO-E PADA PENDERITA JANTUNG KORONER (PJK)

Qomariah Hasanah, Elvira Yunita, Nur Hasanah

Abstract


Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has two risk factors, namely risk factors that cannot be modified including genetics, age, blood type and gender. Recent research on apo E gene polymorphism in people with CHD shows that there is a relationship between age factors and blood type factors to the incidence of apo-e gene polymorphism. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and blood group factors on the apo E gene polymorphisms found in CHD patients. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using several article references that are relevant to the relationship of age and blood type factors with the incidence of Apo-E gene polymorphism in patients with coronary heart disease. The search for lliteratur sources focuses on medical and health scientific publications on the NCBI search site (Pubmed) and Google Scholar searches. The secondary data source in this review literature comes from literature published in the last 5 years, namely 2017-2022. The results of the study showed that genetically the apo E4 allele of the APO-E gene is strongly associated with an increase in LDL, resulting in an increase in coleterol in the blood. The age factor shows that the more you get older, the greater the probability of CHD events. A person who has a non-O blood type is more at high risk of developing CHD, that is, the blood type A group is more at high risk when compared to the blood type B group.

ABSTRAK
 Jantung Koroner (PJK) mempunyai dua faktor resiko, yaitu faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi meliputi genetik, usia, golongan darah dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian terbaru mengenai Polimorfisme gen apo E pada penderita PJK menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor usia dan faktor golongan darah terhadap kejadian polimorfisme gen apo-e. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara faktor usia dan faktor golongan darah terhadap polimorfisme gen apo E yang ditemukan pada penderita PJK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) menggunakan beberapa refensi artikel yang relevan dengan hubungan faktor usia dan golongan darah dengan kejadian polimorfisme gen Apo-E pada penderita penyakit jantung koroner. Pencarian sumber lliteratur berfokus pada publikasi ilmiah kedokteran dan kesehatan pada situs pencarian NCBI (Pubmed) dan pencarian Google Scholar. Sumber data sekunder dalam literatur review ini berasal dari literatur yang di publikasikan 5 tahun terakhir, yaitu tahun 2017-2022. Hasil kajian penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara genetik alel apo E4 dari gen APO-E sangat berhubungan dengan peningkatan LDL, sehingga terjadi peningkatan koleterol dalam darah. Pada faktor usia memnunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya usia maka kemungkinan terjadinya kejadian PJK akan semakin besar. Seseorang yang memiliki golongan darah non-O lebih berisiko tinggi terkena PJK, yaitu kelompok bergolongan darah A lebih berisiko tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok bergolongan darah B. 

Keywords


Coronary Heart Disease (CHD); Polimorfism; Age; Blood Group

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52118/edumasda.v7i1.173

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