Efektivitas Pemberian Obat Tuberkulosis Pada Pasien Perempuan Dewasa Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit Islam Asshobirin Tahun 2016

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbaditas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas pemberian obat pada pasien tuberculosis terhadap jumlah bakteri penyebab TB (Micobacterium tuberculosis) dan laju endap darah passien. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari catatan medis pasien yang terdiagnosa tuberkolosis pada instalasi di rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Islam Asshobirin periode Januari-Desember 2016. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah pasien perempuan dengan jumlah pasien sebanyak 40 pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukan  bahwa persentase penggunaan obat tuberkulosis di Rumah Sakit Islam Asshobirin selama tahun 2016 adalah Rifampisin sebanyak 30,77%, Isoniazid 30,77%, Etambutol 22,11%, Pirazinamid 16,35%. Efektivitas obat Tuberkulosis berdasarkan penurunan jumlah Micobacterium tuberculosis, pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Rifampisin mampu menurunkan jumlah bakteri sebanyak 196cfu/ml, Isoniazid 213 cfu/ml, Etambutol 311 cfu/ml, Pirazinamid 218 cfu/ml. Sedangkan efektivitas obat Tuberkulosis berdasarkan kemampuan menurunkan laju endap darah (LED) menunjukkan bahwa Rifampisin mampu menurunkan LED sebesar 46.5 mm/jam, Isoniazid 42.3 mm/jam, Etambutol 49.5 mm/jam, Pirazinamid 48,5 mm/jam.  Obat TB yang paling efektif menurunkan jumlah Micobacterium tuberculosis dan laju endap darah adalah Etambutol.

Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis, TB Paru, LED, Obat TB

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of drug administration in tuberculosis patients based on the number of TB-causing bacteria (Micobacterium tuberculosis) and patients’s blood rate. This study is descriptive and retrospective data retrieval from medical records of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at an outpatient installation of Asshobirin Islamic Hospital from January to December 2016. The data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive method. Samples taken in this study were female patients with a total of 40 patients. The results showed that the percentage of tuberculosis drug use at Asshobirin Islam Hospital during 2016 was Rifampin as much as 30.77%, Isoniazid 30,77%, Etambutol 22,11%, Pirazinamid 16,35%. The effectiveness of Tuberculosis drug based on decreasing number of Micobacterium tuberculosis, in this study showed that Rifampicin able to reduce the number of bacteria as much as 196 cfu/ml, Isoniazide 213 cfu/ml, Ethambutol 311 cfu/ml, Pyazinamide 218 cfu / ml. While the efficacy of tuberculosis drugs based on the ability to decrease the blood sedimentation rate (BSR) showed that Rifampicin able to reduce the BSR by 46.5 mm/hour, Isoniazide 42.3 mm/hour, Ethambutol 49.5 mm/hour, Pirazinamide 48.5 mm/hour. The most effective TB drugs decreased the number of Micobacterium tuberculosis and the rate of sedimentation of blood was Ethambutol.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary TB, BSR, TB Drug